Biogeographic analysis of Middle and Late Carboniferous ammonoids.

The geographic distribution of five successive asssemblages (Early Bashkirian, Late Bashkirian, Moscovian, Kasimovian and Gzhelian) located on the modern map and palinspastic reconstruction is analysed. Six ammonoid-based paleobiogeographic realms and 11 provinces have been recognised in the Late and Middle Carboniferous.