The early Carboniferous (Mississippian) sedimentary succession of the Montagne Noire is subdivideds into three major lithostratigraphic units, in ascending order of the Montagne Noire Griotte Group (Devonian to Early Tournaisian), the Tournaisian to Viséan Saint Nazaire Group (with Lydiennes, Faugères, Colonnes, and Puech Capel Formations, the latter new), and the Laurens Flysch Group (late Viséan). The ammonoid assemblages in these rock units are reviewed. A total of 29 Early Carboniferous ammonoid taxa at species level are determined. The new genus Nigrocyclus n.gen., and the new species Gattendorfia nazairensis n.sp., Globimitoceras albaillei n.sp., and Neogoniatites canovasi n.sp. are described.